Causes and Effects of the American Civil War Essay

Did you know that in the Civil War, America lost the most men ever? After four years and over 600,000 American lives, the Union (North) prevailed in wearing down and forcing the Confederacy (South) to surrender. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, the Missouri Compromise, and the Dred Scott case contributed greatly to the Civil War. After the Civil War, the Southern economy was devastated with millions of homeless, while the northern economy boomed. Eli Whitney created one of the first causes of the Civil. In 1793 Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin greatly increased the amount of cotton produced. The cotton gin cleaned the cotton by extracting the cottonseeds efficiently. In the 1800’s, 36,000 bales of cotton were exported, but†¦show more content†¦Southerners believes that if the United States could forbid slavery in Missouri, they could do so elsewhere. It 1820 congress finally agreed that slavery would be allowed in Missouri, but at the same time Maine w ould be carved out and admitted to the union as a free state. They also agreed that as the United States Expanded westward, states north of the 36 and a half degrees North would be free states, while states south of that would be slave states. This angered the north because under the compromise the new slave states covered more land than that of the new free states. Northerners worried that another slave state might increase the power of the southern states in the government. One of the final cause of the Civil was involved a slave named Dred Scott. Dred Scott was an enslaved person owned by John Emerson. Emerson took Dred Scott from Missouri to Illinois, a free state. They then moved back to Missouri, which was a slave state under the Missouri Compromise. In 1857 Dred Scott sued the state of Missouri on the claim that by living in a free state, he was free and had earned his freedom. Scott won that case, but the ruling was later overturn by the Missouri Supreme Court. The Missouri Supreme Court ruled that the compromises including the Missouri Compromise were unconstitutional and that African Americans were not United State citizens and could not be a citizen. Slaves were considered property and had no rights. After the Civil War, the SouthernShow MoreRelatedThe Causes And Effects Of The American Civil War1815 Words   |  8 PagesJames T. Vaughn Correctional Center September 9, 2014 The Causes and Effects of the American Civil War State Standard: H.4.A In 1860, Abraham Lincoln, a member of the anti-slavery Republican Party, was elected President of the United States (Hassler). Because his presidency was viewed by many southerners as a threat to the southern way of life, most southern states seceded from the Union and organized as the Confederate States of America (â€Å"Effects†). States that bordered the North and the South, suchRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil War1634 Words   |  7 PagesWhat caused the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865? There has been several different debates and disputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of theRead MoreThe American Civil War, W ars, And Rumors Of Wars1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War Wars, Wars and rumors of wars!!!! Everyone knows the United States has had its fair share of wars. Let me start by giving you a brief list of wars the United States has participated in according to Wikipedia. Both â€Å"Barbary Wars (1801-1805, 1815-1816), Wars of 1812, Mexican-American War (1846-48), American Civil War (1861-65), Indian War (1865-91), Spanish-American War( 1898), Philippine-American War (1899-1902) Border War(Mexican Revolutionary)1910-1919, World War I (1917-18)Read MoreCivil War : A War Between Citizens Of The Same Country1609 Words   |  7 PagesEmma Hart Mrs. Wise History 8Y 11 December 2014 Civil War Civil War is defined as a war between citizens of the same country. Why would America have this fight? The Northern states of America decided that they would no longer tolerate the Southern states treating African Americans as slaves because of the color of their skin. When disputes were brought up over this issue between the North and South, the South was too persistent to have slaves. They worried that the North would be successful inRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for th eir economy in regardsRead MoreVictory of the North1306 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many causes that led to the victory of the North, as well as many effects that follow their victory. Three important causes that led to the victory of the North are economic growth, secession, and the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Three important effects that followed the victory of the Northern States in the American Civil War are emancipation, a new financial system, and political freedom. The Civil War of America has been discussed as the first modern war of the new industrialRead MoreThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War1587 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War The time of the American Revolution was the most critical period of time in all of American history. This was a period of time in which the foundation of our nation was set down: a strong foundation will lead us to greatness, a weak foundation will not. Along the path, if a part of the foundation crumbles or falls, it will take immense energy to fix it, and even if it heals, it heals with an ugly scar, a mark in our history. The mistakesRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War of the United States was a major and influential event in the history of our country. The Civil War shaped our nation and how we think of liberty in general. Such a big event in our antiquity must have been caused by a series of dominant events. However, a War of this size has many effects to go along with it. The most common effect thought of is the freedom of slaves, however, the Civil War was not just a war fought for freedom. One major cause of the Civil War was the issue of slaveryRead MoreThe During The Civil War875 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades that proceeded before the Civil War had taken place, Americans witnessed an abundance of trial, error, and triumph during their attempt to revise the American society. Some of the main focal points of the remaking of our society would have been the Market Revolution, Urbanization, Abolition, States Rights and Westward Expansion. Without these contributing factors, our society may not have excelled in the ways that it did prior to the Civil War. (The Pre-Civil War Era (1815–1850). SparkNotesRead MoreEssay on Boss713 Words   |  3 Pagesdid the labor system of white indentured servitude work, and why did plantation owners replace it African slavery? Explain how the African slave trade developed? 5. How did the British victory in the Seven Years War ironically become one of the precipitating causes of the American Revolution? What deeply rooted historical factors moved America towards independence from Britain? 6. What were the primary achievements and failures of the US under the Articles of Confederation? What essentially

Difference Between Korea and America Free Essays

Recently Weston-McEwen High School has added a new foreign-exchange student. Her name is Soyeong Lee and she is 16 years of age with a birth date of April 7th who came from Yongin, Korea which is an urban area and has a similar climate to Athena, Oregon. This decision was made because her school teacher and parents recommended Soyeong to expand her knowledge by experiencing the American culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Korea and America or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main reason for the decision was her ambition to learn the language while being here in which she studied for years in Korea; she said,† I struggled with the language at first, but now that I’m here it is a lot easier. † Soyeong has made many friends while attending Weston-McEwen High School, and stated,† The students are very kind. † One of Soyeong’s scariest or weirdest memories here was having a dream where American people she met here spoke Korean. The Froese family chose Soyeong to be her hosts while she’s in America. There are many differences between the United States and Korea. Some of the biggest differences include: students in Korea attending school from eight in the morning to ten-o’clock at night, having almost no transportation except riding a lot of busses and taxis, teenagers not being able to drive until they are 20 years old, not being able to own a separate house (unless one is really wealthy) and living in apartments due to population. Soyeong said that the schooling is very different and is taken more seriously. They also have to wear school uniforms and are not allowed to dye their hair or wear make-up. Being away from Korea may sound better to Americans, but Soyeong misses the food, family, and friends as she stated, â€Å"The food here is saltier and greasy†. Obviously this is a huge change for Soyeong, but she likes it here too. Most public schools in the United States allow students to wear make-up and dye their hair. Koreans attend school seven more hours than Weston-McEwen High School and that is Soyeong’s favorite part about being here is having time to actually do activities. Soyeong’s main goal is to learn the full English language and make her understanding of the country better. Soyeong Lee will be attending Weston-McEwen High School until December of 2013 and plans on coming back as an adult to attend a private school in Los Angeles. We all hope your experience is great! How to cite Difference Between Korea and America, Papers

“Effects of Tawa-tawa(Euphorbia Hirta) to the Platelet Count of Dengue Patients” free essay sample

Dengue fever also known as breakbone fever is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes, principally A. aegypti. The virus has five different types; infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications. As there is no commercially available vaccine, prevention is sought by reducing the habitat and the number of mosquitoes and limiting exposure to bites. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or moderate disease, and intravenous fluids and blood transfusion for more severe cases. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Effects of Tawa-tawa(Euphorbia Hirta) to the Platelet Count of Dengue Patients† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The incidence of dengue fever has increased dramatically since the 1960s, with around 50–100 million people infected yearly. Early descriptions of the condition date from 1779, and its viral cause and the transmission were elucidated in the early 20th century. Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and is endemic in more than 110 countries. Apart from eliminating the mosquitoes, work is ongoing on a vaccine, as well as medication targeted directly at the virus. Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly A. aegypti. These mosquitoes usually live between the latitudes of 35 ° North and 35 ° South below an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). They typically bite during the day, particularly in the early morning and in the evening, but they are able to bite and thus spread infection at any time of day all during the year. Other Aedes species that transmit the disease include A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis and A. scutellaris. Humans are the primary host of the virus, but it also circulates in nonhuman primates. An infection can be acquired via a single bite. A female mosquito that takes a blood meal from a person infected with dengue fever, during the initial 2–10 day febrile period, becomes itself infected with the virus in the cells lining its gut. About 8–10 days later, the virus spreads to other tissues including the mosquitos salivary glands and is subsequently released into its saliva. The virus seems to have no detrimental effect on the mosquito, which remains infected for life. Aedes aegypti prefers to lay its eggs in artificial water containers, to live in close proximity to humans, and to feed on people rather than other vertebrates. Dengue can also be transmitted via infected blood products and through organ donation. In countries such as Singapore, where dengue is endemic, the risk is estimated to be between 1. 6 and 6 per 10,000 transfusions. Vertical transmission (from mother to child) during pregnancy or at birth has been reported. Other person-to-person modes of transmission have also been reported, but are very unusual. The genetic variation in dengue viruses is region specific, suggestive that establishment into new territories is relatively infrequent, despite dengue emerging in new regions in recent decades. Predisposition Severe disease is more common in babies and young children, and in contrast to many other infections it is more common in children that are relatively well nourished. Other risk factors for severe disease include female sex, high body mass index, and viral load. While each serotype can cause the full spectrum of disease, virus strain is a risk factor. Infection with one serotype is thought to produce lifelong immunity to that type, but only short term protection against the other three. The risk of severe disease from secondary infection increases if someone previously exposed to serotype DENV-1 contracts serotype DENV-2 or DENV-3, or if someone previously exposed to DENV-3 acquires DENV-2. Dengue can be life-threatening in people with chronic diseases such as diabetes and asthma. There are no specific antiviral drugs for dengue, however maintaining proper fluid balance is important. Treatment depends on the symptoms, varying from oral rehydration therapy at home with close follow-up, to hospital admission with administration of intravenous fluids and/or blood transfusion. A decision for hospital admission is typically based on the presence of the warning signs listed in the table above, especially in those with preexisting health conditions. Intravenous hydration is usually only needed for one or two days. The rate of fluid administration is titrated to a urinary output of 0. 5–1 mL/kg/h, stable vital signs and normalization of hematocrit. Invasive medical procedures such as nasogastric intubation, intramuscular injections and arterial punctures are avoided, in view of the bleeding risk. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is used for fever and discomfort while NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and aspirin are avoided as they might aggravate the risk of bleeding. Blood transfusion is initiated early in patients presenting with unstable vital signs in the face of a decreasing hematocrit, rather than waiting for the hemoglobin concentration to decrease to some predetermined transfusion trigger level. Packed red blood cells or whole blood are recommended, while platelets and fresh frozen plasma are usually not. During the recovery phase intravenous fluids are discontinued to prevent a state of fluid overload. If fluid overload occurs and vital signs are stable, stopping further fluid may be all that is needed. If a person is outside of the critical phase, a loop diuretic such as furosemide may be used to eliminate excess fluid from the circulation. Introduction Euphorbia hirta, more commonly known as tawa-tawa, gatas-gatas, or botobotonis in the Philippines, is a small, erect or ascending, slender-stemmed, annual herb, spreading up to 45 cm tall, though sometimes can be seen lying down. The plant has a hairy stem with many branches from the base to the top. The stem and leaves of E. hirta produce a white or milky juice when cut. This plant commonly grows in tropical countries, especially in roadsides and on wasteland. It is widely abundant in the Philippines. E. hirta is also known as E. pulifera, E. capitata, Chamaesyce hirta, snakeweed, pill-bearing spurge, hairy spurge, asthma weed, and asthma plant. Whole plant or leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta is known to have a multitude of actions in the biological system. In Asia and Australia, the herb is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of medical conditions including asthma, coughs, diarrhea, and dysentery. In east, central, and west Africa, a decoction of the herb is used to treat asthma, oral thrush, boils, sores, and skin and wound infections, in addition to its use as an antispasmodic, antipruritic, carminative, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue, purgative and vermifuge. In Mauritius, a decoction of the plant is used to treat respiratory tract infections, vomiting, fever, bronchitis, and pulmonary disorders. In Nigeria, exudates of the stem is used to treat eye and ear infections, while a decoction of the plant is used to treat enteric infections including diarrhea and dysentery, constipation and other stomach problems, asthma, bronchitis, eczema, athletes foot and scorpion bite pains. It is usually taken in dosages of 0. 1 to 0. 3 g of dried powdered herb 3 times daily or 0. 12 to 2 mL of liquid extract 3 times daily, and repeated over 2 to 3 weeks. E. hirta is registered in Mali as a remedy against diarrhea and dysentery. The powder of aerial parts is used for the production of medicinal preparation marketed under the name Dysenteral ®. This product is included in the National List of Essential Drugs in Mali. In animal studies, E. hirta had been reported to exhibit antibacterial, antiamoebic, antifungal, antiviral, spasmolytic, antidiarrheal, sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antihypertensive properties. E. hirta was reported to contain coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, mucilage, reduced compounds, sterols and triterpenes including phytosterols, cardiac glycosides, diterpenes (phorbol esters), aromatic acids (shikimic and related acids), alkaloids, and anthocyanins. A number of compounds have been isolated from E. hirta and were chemically characterized. These include cycloarternol, 24-methylene-cycloarternol, ? -sitosterol, euphorbol, hexacozonate, ? -amyrin, ? -amyrin, 1-hexacosanol, ingeno-triacetate, tinyaloxin, p-coumaric acid, campesterol, stigmasterol, and quercitin. However, despite the array of chemical compounds characterized from E. hirta, and the diverse local medicinal uses of the plant, very little clinical pharmacological evaluations have been carried out to ascertain the rationale behind most of the folkloric claims of its efficacy. More recently, concerns from local authorities have been raised in the reported rampant indiscriminate use of E. hirta in the management of dengue patients. Despite, warnings from health authorities that there is not enough efficacy and safety data to support its clinical use, patients and health professional continued to use E. hirta. The confidence of the general public in the effectiveness of E. hirta in treating dengue cases was solely based on the results of animal studies showing that it exerts a platelet count-increasing activity, and testimonials from patients or health professionals who claimed to experience clinical benefits from its use. To safeguard the public, more detailed information should be provided to let both the patients and the health professionals fully understand the potential dangers of using E. hirta in dengue patients or in any other medical conditions. II. Significance of the Study At least 42,207 dengue cases, 193 of them fatal, had been recorded from January to the first week of June this year, even as the Department of Health pushed for the basics of early prevention and community action. The DOHs National Epidemiology Center said the total figure represents a one-percent decline, or 456 fewer cases, compared to the same period in 2012. A breakdown of data showed that most of the dengue cases from Jan. 1 to June 8 were recorded in: Central Visayas (6,023 cases, 51-percent increase) Calabarzon (4,742, 17-percent decrease) Davao Region (4,364, 30-percent increase) Western Visayas (4,444, 102-percent increase) SOCCKSARGEN (3,963, 126-percent increase). Euphorbia hirta has been claimed to have a curative effects on dengue patients, based on personal testimonies, particularly in the Philippines. Despite its widespread use, there is no evidence to support this claim. The Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD), the health research arm of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) spearheads studies to assess the curative component of Euphorbia hirta for dengue. This study would provide information to dengue patients and their families about the advantages of the tawa-tawa plant. The information that will be gathered would help them on how to administer the proper dosage of the tawa-tawa plant extract to dengue patients. This study would also provide data on how the taw-tawa plant help in increasing the platelet count on the patient’s blood. Statement of the Problem This study aims to answer one important question; does the tawa tawa plant help in curing dengue? This research’s main goal is to verify indeed if the tawa tawa plant helps in increasing the platelet count of dengue patients. This will not include scientific experiments to verify the findings. We the researchers will conduct interview to dengue patients who are drinking the plant decoction and will solely base their conclusion on their statements and personal experience. Review of Related Literature Clinical studies An exhaustive search for literature was conducted, but no published local or international reports of clinical trials conducted on E. hirta use in the treatment of dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever were found. An observational clinical study was conducted in Davao Medical Center in 2003 to test the efficacy of E. hirta decoction on male and female pediatric patients (aged 2 to 10 years) with acute dengue fever (n=137). The patients were assigned to open-labeled treatment with either E. hirta decoction plus standard therapy or with standard therapy alone. No details can be provided on the number of patients assigned to each treatment group. The dosing regimen of E. hirta decoction was not standardized. Both the preparation and the administration of the E. hirta decoction were done by the guardians of the patients. The amount administered to each patient was uncontrolled (also under the discretion of the guardian). The patients were treated for 3 to 5 days, depending on the length of hospital stay. Results of this study showed that patients who received the E. hirta decoction in addition to standard therapy experienced significantly greater increases in platelet counts compared to the patients who received standard therapy alone. No treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in both treatment groups. Animal studies In a study conducted in the University of Santo Tomas, E. hirta was found to exert significant platelet-increasing activity. The effect of E. hirta, prepared either as a decoction or an ethanolic extract, on platelet, RBC, and WBC counts was investigated using Sprague-Dawley rats (6 to 8 weeks old) as test animals. The test animals were divided into two major groups: decoction and ethanolic extract groups. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (consisted of 2 male and 4 female Sprague-Dawley rats) which were assigned to receive either 60. 4 mg/kg or 483. 0 mg/kg of the decoction or the ethanolic extract. The two doses used in this study were the lowest and highest doses tested for hematologic toxicity in a study conducted in Nigeria. Results of the study showed that both the decoction and the ethanolic extract of E. hirta, at doses of 60. 4 mg/kg and 483. 0 mg/kg have a significant effect on the platelet counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. The RBC and WBC counts were not significantly affected, demonstrating that E. hirta does not affect the circulating RBC or the erythropoietic centers of the experimental animals, and it does not induce production or destruction of the WBC. The mean increases in platelet count in the decoction and ethanolic extract groups did not significantly differ, suggesting that both preparations can be used for further studies. The difference in the mean platelet counts of subgroups who received the 60. 4 mg/kg and 483. 0 mg/kg doses was not significant as shown in Dunnet’s test. This finding indicated that the platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was not dose-dependent. The platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was further evaluated by determining the effect of the plant material on stimulating platelet production in the bone marrow. In this evaluation, the dose and preparation (483. 0 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract) that produced the greatest numerical increase in platelet count during the initial evaluation was used. Anagrelide, a drug which inhibits the maturation of megakaryocytes into platelets, was administered to decrease the platelet counts of the test animals. After exposure to anagrelide, 483. 0 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was administered to 50% of the test population. Results of this further evaluation showed that the mean platelet count did not differ significantly in the group which received both anagrelide (125  µg/day) and ethanolic extract of E. hirta (483. 0 mg/kg) and in the group who were only exposed to anagrelide (control). This suggested that the platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was not due to stimulation of the platelet production in the bone marrow. ?In another study conducted by the students of St. Mary’s School in Davao, E. hirta was also found to increase the platelet counts of white mice (Mus musculus). E. hirta was prepared in a teabag form. The results of this study were not published, and therefore, no further information was obtained. In Nigeria, the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of E. hirta on platelet count, bleeding time, and clotting time were also investigated. The extracts of E. hirta were administered orally to albino Wistar rats. Platelet count, bleeding time, and clotting time were determined before, and at different time intervals after administration of the extracts. At 60 minutes, the aqueous extract reduced bleeding time by 54% compared to 49. 5% for methanolic extract, and the difference was significant (p

Morality of Zoos Essay Example

Morality of Zoos Paper Almost each and every one of us has grown up with fond childhood memories of visiting the local zoo amongst family and friends. After all, where else can one see animals from all over the world in one place? In the midst of all the fun and enjoyment we have all experienced from zoos, we have failed to take into account the life of the things that we are so excited about seeing there – the animals. Each and every day, the animals enclosed in zoos for human entertainment are exposed to abuse, cruelty, and most importantly stress due to an unnatural living environment, creating a collection of unhappy animals. In this essay, I will also explore other examples of zoos in which animals are used for paid human entertainment such as circuses and aqua parks, where creatures like dolphins are dumped into a small glass pool and forced to perform tricks for merely human satisfaction. This essay will also explore acceptable forms of animal zoos; ones that are used solely for the purpose of breeding and conserving highly endangered species. While it is true that zoos can sometimes be beneficial, and used to aid animals in conservation and breeding, the sad reality is that zoos confine wild animals into tiny, artificial habitats and expose them to great amounts of stress, cruelty and abuse for the purpose of profit and human entertainment. For this reason, modern zoos are immoral and should only be allowed to exist if they are large-scale conservation centers used to aid in the preservation of endangered species. Zoos have become a very hot topic of controversy in today’s world. We will write a custom essay sample on Morality of Zoos specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Morality of Zoos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Morality of Zoos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is common knowledge that zoos are not the natural habitats of animals. Animals around the world are held captive and kidnapped from their natural life for the duration of their lives solely for the purpose of our viewing pleasure. Zoos can be defined as â€Å"public parks, which display animals, primarily for the purposes of recreation or education,† (Jamieson, Dale). The first modern American zoos were created in Philadelphia and Cincinnati in the 1870s. Today in the United States, there are hundreds of zoos that are visited by millions of people every year. Jamieson, Dale). â€Å"Iron-barred concrete-floored cages† and animals behind bars (Millar, Royce, and Cameron Houston) is a typical sight at many popular zoos. They vary from â€Å"roadside menageries run by hucksters, to elaborate zoological parks staffed by trained scientists† (Jamieson, Dale). Other popular forms of zoos are aqua parks and circuses. Aqua parks such as the Sea World amusement park in F lorida (Singer, Peter) are home to many animals such as whales and dolphins, which are held in captivity and forced to perform tricks and shows for public entertainment. Animals in captivity are forced to abandon all their natural characteristics and instincts. â€Å"It is possible to visit zoos and see bored animals pacing back and forth in cages, with nothing to do but wait for the next meal† (Singer, Peter). Regular meal times means that they no longer have the need to hunt for survival. While this may sound like a good thing, there are a few things to take into account. The first is that the zoo animals, all of which are born natural hunters, will no longer be able to survive and fend for themselves if they are released back into the wild (Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation). The second is the degree of confinement which zoo animals are forced to live under in their small cages and aquariums. To take this idea into perspective, imagine the world’s fastest animal, the cheetah. When it is crammed in a cage, which no matter how large can never compare to the vast size of the wilderness, the cheetah is unable to run at the fast speeds that make it unique. In the long run, confinement will cause the cheetah’s natural running skills to wear away (Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation). The same principle can be applied to sea animals confined in aqua parks. No tank, no matter how large can come close to meeting the needs of animals who spend their lives in social groups swimming long distances in the ocean† (Singer, Peter). Taking animals out of their natural habitats, transporting them great distances and keeping them in alienated environments in which their liberty is restricted are examples of how animals taken from the wild and confined in zoos are deprived of many things like gathering their own food, developing their own social orders and behaving in ways natural to them (Jamieson, Dale). Studies have shown that the artificial environment of zoos can create intrinsic animal welfare problems such as self-mutilation, feeding disorders, stereotypical behavior like pacing, neck twisting and rocking, reproductive disorders and physiological disorders (Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation). A lot of the time, it is typical for an animal to experience these without the public noticing. An example of an animal exhibiting this behavior was a polar bear in the Dublin zoo that howed signs of stress and boredom. Locked in a small cage, the polar bear had nothing to do all day but walk from one side of the enclosure to the other, also known as pacing. Eventually, the animal was moved to a much larger home in the Czech Republic (Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation). This is evidence that while we may think pacing is a normal behaviour for animals in zoos, the truth is that we don’t know any better and what we think is customary is actually very stressful and harmful to the zoo animals. Contrary to popular belief that zoos are very friendly environments, many people don’t know that â€Å"since 1990, 42 people have been killed and 100 others injured by elephants worldwide† (Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation). A recent article by philosopher Peter Singer in The Guardian provides a clear example of the stress animals are put through. An orca whale named Tilly; acting out of anger of being held captive in a sterile concrete tank at Florida’s SeaWorld grabbed a trainer, pulled her underwater and killed her. Tilly had also been previously involved in two other human deaths at SeaWorld. In addition, one of Tilly’s offspring, which was sold to an amusement park in Spain, also killed a trainer. There have also been many other instances of orcas involved in deaths (Singer, Peter). â€Å"We will never know exactly what was going on in Tilly’s mind, but we do know that he has been in captivity since he was about two years old – he was captured of the east coast of Iceland in 1983. Orcas are social mammals, and he would have been living with his mother and other relatives in a pod. It is reasonable to suppose that the sudden separation was traumatic for Tilly† (Singer, Peter). It has been argued that circuses, especially those on the road, are even worse places for animals. Their living conditions are said to be â€Å"deplorable† (Singer, Peter), particularly in travelling circuses where animal cages have to be extremely small in order to be able to go on the road. Furthermore, circuses have been known to be brutal because â€Å"training animals to perform tricks often involves starvation and cruelty. Undercover investigations have repeatedly shown animals being beaten and given electric shocks† (Singer, Peter). Countries such as Austria, Costa Rica, Denmark, Israel, India and Sweden have banned or severely restricted the use of wild animals in circuses (Singer, Peter). The conditions animals are exposed to in circus environments clearly lead to the intrinsic welfare problems described earlier. An example of this was seen in Brazil, where â€Å"a movement to ban wild animals from circuses stared after hungry lions managed to grab and devour a small boy† (Singer, Peter). The most common benefits of zoos are amusement, education, and the preservation of species. Amusement was certainly an important reason for the establishment of the early zoos, and it remains an important function of contemporary zoos as well† (Jamieson, Dale). The fact remains that most people visit zoos in order to be entertained. Unfortunately, zoos must provide amusement to the public in order to stay profitable. Even though entertaining the public is viewed as a very important function of zoos, it cannot be justified as a reason to keep wild animals imprisoned and held in captivity. The second reason for having zoos is education. The idea that education is a big part of having zoos is â€Å"part of the commercial entertainment industry† (Singer, Peter). â€Å"The most important lesson they teach impressionable young minds is that it is acceptable to keep animals in captivity for human amusement† (Singer, Peter). This is the exact opposite of the attitudes we should be embedding in the young minds of children. Of course some learning takes place in zoos. However, the very lessons being learned about the physical and mental states of animals being held captive are certainly not beneficial, and should not require animals to be held captive. Furthermore, similar educational experiences can be achieved through films and lectures. Documentaries such as The Life of Animals and The Blue Planet are known to be very educational and can in fact provide a better understanding of animals in their true, natural habitats. Observing animals in their natural surroundings will also allow for a better understanding of survival tactics, hunting, and the food chain, all of which are abandoned as soon as a wild animal is brought into a zoo. The final reason for having zoos is that they preserve soon-to-be extinct species, and put breeding programs in place to re-populate the species. There are several problems associated with zoo breeding programs. As previously mentioned, captive animals have very different traits than the ones of surviving animals in the wild. The lack of genetic diversity among the captive animals can create an enormous problem in breeding; more particularly it conflicts with Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest. Perhaps the biggest problem with zoo breeding programs is that they created unwanted animals. In certain species, only a few males can service an entire herd of animals in reproduction. All the extra males are unnecessary to zoos and become a financial burden (Jamieson, Dale). â€Å"Some of these animals are sold and wind up in the hands of individuals and institutions which lack proper facilities† (Jamieson, Dale). Others end up shot and killed by hunters and poachers in private camps. â€Å"Ninety-five percent of animals that are kept in zoos aren’t endangered† (Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation). With preservation of soon-to-be extinct species also comes the debate whether it really is better for animals to live in the artificial environments that we create for them, as opposed to becoming extinct. Is it really better to confine a few hapless Mountain Gorillas in a zoo than to permit the species to become extinct? † (Jamieson, Dale). The answer to this question may be obvious to many, however, in doing this, are we not using the animals as â€Å"vehicles for their genes†? (Jamieson, Dale). In preserving extinct species, we are e ssentially creating a new species that can only survive in artificial zoo habitats. Even if the above-mentioned problems were non-existent, the current system of zoos does not provide a suitable environment for the preservation of endangered species. The reason for this is that of the little breeding programs that zoos offer, they only breed animals that are not endangered. â€Å"Many of the major breeding programs are run in special facilities which have been established for that purpose. They are often located in remote places, far from the attention of zoo-goers† (Jamieson, Dale). For example, the Bronx Zoo operates its Rare Animal Survival Centre far away on St. Catherine’s Island off the coast of Georgia. In conclusion, taking animals out of the wild and placing them in captivity in zoos affects their welfare and causes the animals unnecessary stress and anger. This disruption of their natural lifestyle has caused many animals to fatally injure or kill humans in an attempt to release some of the anger caused by their confinement in small, artificial habitats. Even though it is true that zoos provide amusement and entertainment, education, even though animals are not in their natural environment and learning may be distorted, and small-scale preservation, the above-mentioned reasons for having a zoo do not outweigh the detrimental affects captivity has on a wild animal. Under no circumstance should the amusement and entertainment of humans be a eason to put animals through stress and deprive them of their natural skills and environment. Even though some may believe that soon are beneficial for education, they are overlooking the fact that animals held captive in zoos are not in their natural habitats; therefore they do not behave as they normally would in the wild, making learning biased. Finally, even though it is a controversial topic, I b elieve preservation should be the only reason to keep animals captive. However, this cannot be done in the zoos we have established today. Preservation of endangered species can only be done in large-scale off-shore reserves, which are far away from the public and allow the animals to roam more freely and practice their natural skills. Works Cited Animal Cruelty Zoos. Vegan Peace. Web. 29 Oct. 2011. http://www. veganpeace. com/animal_cruelty/zoos. htm. BBC Ethics Animal Ethics: Animals for Entertainment. BBC. Web. 29 Oct. 2011. http://www. bbc. co. uk/ethics/animals/using/entertainment_1. shtml. Birth, Accident Of. Mortality as Morality. Microkhan by Brendan I. Koerner. 14 Aug. 2009. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. lt;http://www. microkhan. com/2009/08/14/mortality-as-morality/. Jamieson, Dale. Against Zoos. The Animal Rights Library. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. http://www. animal-rights-library. com/texts-m/jamieson01. htm. Kuehn, Bridget M. Is It Ethical to Keep Animals in Zoos? December 1, 2002. American Veterinary Medical Association. 1 Dec. 2002. Web. 29 Oct. 2011. http://www. avma. org/onlnews/javma/dec02/021201d. asp. Millar, Royce, and Cameron Houston. Animal Rights and Wrongs In Depth Theage. com. au. The Age Business, World Breaking News | Melbourne, Australia. The Age, 19 Jan. 008. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. http://www. theage. com. au/news/in-depth/animal-rights-and-wrongs/2008/01/18/1200620207184. html? page=fullpage. Singer, Peter. Let Wild Animals Be Wild | Peter Singer | Comment Is Free | Guardian. co. uk. Latest News, Sport and Comment from the Guardian | The Guardian. 8 Mar. 2010. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. http://www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2010/mar/08/wild-animals-captivity-seaworld-orca. Zoos: Imprisonment or Preservation? The Whyville Times. 4 July 2003. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. http://j. whyville. net/smmk/whytimes/article? id=2941.

The Methods for Retaining Employees

The Methods for Retaining Employees Introduction There are many ways that can be used to retain employees. Compensating employees handsomely has long been viewed as one of the best ways of retaining employees.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Methods for Retaining Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from good salary, research has shown that there are other ways which are equally significant in retaining employees. Some of these methods are â€Å"challenging and a meaningful work, opportunities to learn and grow, the sense of being part of a group, a good boss, and meeting individual needs† (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003, p. 291). These methods basically aim at making the workplace environment a place that employees value and admire. This essay will discuss the methods which can make the workplace a place significance and value to the employee and thus make them to prefer working at their current organization as opposed to working els ewhere. The Kind of Work Employees Do It has been shown that employees value work that satisfies them. Apart from looking for monetary gain, most employees will prefer challenging work to work which is easy to handle. Demanding work tests the limits of an employee and this has been shown to be what most employees prefer especially for those in the technical fields (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003). Challenging work make a great contribution to the organization one is working for. There is usually a great sense of satisfaction which comes with making significant contribution to an organization one is working for. Making significant contribution in a place of work is quite encouraging and helps to connect employees to their work. It enhances the pleasure derived from working. In such kind of an environment, productivity is usually high and this makes what one does enjoyable.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The overall benefit of working in an environment that is challenging and one that enables employees to produce results is that employees are less likely to move out (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003). Learning and Growing in a Workplace Career growth is a great reason that can keep employees in their current jobs. Every person seeks to develop in his or her career. Giving an allowance for career development in a workplace therefore acts as a great motivation for an employee to maintain his current work and employer. Career development makes it possible for an employee to be up to date with emerging issues in his or her career (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003). Career growth of employees can be enhanced by the provisional of formal training. Training of employees helps them to be at par with changes in their careers and this will ensure that they uphold the recommended practices at the workplace. Apart from formal training, coaching and provision of mentorship ses sions equally helps to shape one’s career in the right direction. Employers should encourage employees to join professional networks. These networks are important as they help one to develop in his or her career as there is sharing among professionals in the same field (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003). The Sense of Belonging Working in an organization which fosters a sense of belonging is an encouraging factor. A sense of belonging enables one to feel at home in the work place. A workplace which fosters a sense of belonging among the employees creates a home like environment whereby employees feel being part of a big family.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Methods for Retaining Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This sense of unity creates cohesion among employees and makes working in such a workplace irresistible. With such kind of a workplace, it is hard for employees to want to switch organizations. There are many ways that employers can create a sense of belonging in a workplace the best being creating forums where employees can get to know each other more. Such forums may include monthly dinners and end of either fiscal year or calendar year parties (Jackson, 2012). Good Bosses Managers and supervisors especially those to whom employees report directly should be good in the eyes of their employees. The following behaviors when displayed by managers and supervisors have been shown to put off employees: â€Å"Rudeness, impatience, arrogance, intimidation, yelling, being condescending or demeaning, belittling or embarrassing people, swearing, telling lies, sexual harassment, using inappropriate humor, and demonstrating sexism or racism† (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003, p. 294). Bosses have an obligation to ensure that their relationship with their juniors is one which fosters understanding. A bad boss will make the workplace a stressful place; nobody wants to be stressed and t herefore employees may choose to find alternative opportunities to work elsewhere. Even if employees do not opt to move out due to bad bosses, the cold relationship between the employees and the boss will affect the productivity of the employees (kaye Jordan-Evans, 2003). Good bosses recognize good work accomplished by their employees and do not take credit for what others have done. Recognition can be made through a word of mouth or a token given through platforms such as employee of the month, the most hardworking employee among other platforms (Shenkel Gardner, 2004).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meeting Individual Needs An organization whose employees are of different age groups requires different approaches to retain the employees. It has been noted that Generation-Y employees would prefer workplaces which give them a wide range of exposure to their career fields. For the case of Generation-X workers, mentoring programs and programs which advance their careers would be most attractive. Lastly, the baby boomers would prefer programs which aim at increasing their retirement benefits, for instance, reworking their payment to allow for lower tax deductions (Gettler, 2008). There are other ways through which companies can necessitate the extension of careers. One such can be through arranging for employees to participate in charity work. Employees can also be given the opportunity to work on special project boards. Making employees aware of technical conferences and allowing them to attend such forums also is quite motivating. Technical conferences help to update employees on a dvances made in their career fields (Gettler, 2008). Conclusion Retaining employees goes beyond handsome compensation in form of big salaries. Apart from a good salary, employees have other needs which need satisfaction. Bosses have an obligation to create an environment that enables employees to be comfortable and advance their careers. It has been shown that employees prefer challenging work which demands the skills they have acquired. Workplaces which provide a means of advancing one’s career have also been pointed out as being attractive to employees. A workplace which creates a sense of belonging is also preferable as it creates unity and cohesion among employees. Bosses have been shown to also play a major role in attracting employees to a workplace. Understanding and rational bosses work well with employees. Bad bosses can be a source of stress to employees and this can easily make employees seek employment elsewhere. Workplaces should be flexible enough to meet some o f the individual needs of employees. References Gettler, L. (2008). How to retain staff – without breaking the bank. Smart Company. Web. Jackson, N. (2012). 5 ways to reward employees when raises aren’t an option. The Entrepreneur. Web. Kaye, B Jordan-Evans, S. (2003). How to retain high-performance employees. Sierra Health. Web. Shenkel, R Gardner, C. (2004). The most effective strategies won’t cost you a dime. Family Practice Management. Web.

Essay on Character Analysis of The Necklace

Essay on Character Analysis of The Necklace Essay on Character Analysis of The Necklace This is an example essay on character analysis of The Necklace: Guy de Maupassant narrative of The Necklace is chilly and has a cruel irony effect. The suffering set forth in the story seems to have been needless, due to the fact of misunderstanding and petty pride in Mr. and Mrs. Loisel. The craftsmanship of the story had been masterfully manipulated to where the revelation was held until the very end of the story. Characters in a story can be classified as â€Å"dynamic† or â€Å"static†. Dynamic characters are characters that change as the story progresses. That is, they recognize, change with, or adjust to circumstances. Static characters, which can also be described as â€Å"flat†, are characters that are not well developed and remain fairly unchanged throughout the story. Usually static characters have minor roles in a story (e.g. co-workers, friends, policeman, etc.). Mathilde Loisel, the main character in â€Å"The Necklace† seems to be a very dynamic character, although some of her moods appear to stay with her longer than others. Many of the things she had imagined often were not considered by other women of her social rank, such as worn-out chairs, curtains, and boiled beef for dinner, tortured and filled her with despair. (3) Feeling as though she had once deserved to marry better, but was unable to obtain a well to do husband she settled for a marriage with a minor clerk in the Ministry of Education. She is described as to have suffered ceaselessly, according to her daily description of her lifestyle. She would often ease her suffering of being in a drab house by visiting with her rich friend, Mrs. Forrestier. Mrs. Loisel had often dwelt upon her fantasies of a more elaborate life. Her desire to be of a higher status and to possess nice valuable trinkets seemed to poison her very nature. Mr. Loisel notice that his wife is not satisfied with her lifestyle. Seeing how she daydreams of living in luxury they cannot afford. He becomes excited as he carries an invitation to go too a formal dinner with the Ministry of Education. He had worked hard to get recognized for his efforts. Not too many clerks were invited to such an occasion. (6) Mrs. Loisel becomes upset because she has nothing elegant to wear for such an occasion. By forcing a few tears and sadly confronting her husband about her misfortunate state, she is able to convince him that she needs an expensive dress for a once in a lifetime event. Mrs. Loisel tells her husband she will need about 400 francs to purchase a dress worthy enough to get the attention of the other people at the dinner. The price was slightly more the he expected but gave her the money to purchase it from his next summer’s vacation fund. Continuing with the emotion of self-pity, she develops into a greedy individual. The dress is not en ough on its own, she will need an elaborate necklace to draw attention to herself. Mathilde is able to obtain a rather lovely necklace from Mrs. Forrestier who has large amount jewelry. The night of the party, Mrs. Loisel was prettier than anyone else, stylish, graceful, smiling, and wild with joy. (53) She enjoys the immense amount of attention she is receiving. Mrs. Loisel is so caught up in her own self-centeredness that she totally forgets about her husband. She cares for nothing, but the moment she is in. The party ends in the early morning hours and Mrs. Loisel wants to leave in a hurry. She wants the people she met at the party to remember her as was. She conceals her true identity because she is embarrassed for who she really is. In the midst of a returning home after a grand evening she notices she has lost a costly possession†¦the necklace!! Mr. and Mrs. Loisel look through her dress, shawl, pockets, and retraced all their steps from the party. (65) They worried and fretted about the lost necklace offering a reward for its return. They realize the inevitable situation they are in and have to replace the necklace. They went from jeweler to jeweler, searching for an indistinguishable replacement. (90) The replacement would cost 36,000 francs. Mr. Loisel had 18,000 francs left to him by his father. The other half would take three days to acquire from various loan companies and friends. Mrs. Loisel returns the necklace and does not tell Mrs. Forrestier that it’s not the same one that she borrowed. Mrs. Loisel now has to work, along with her husband working late hours. She takes a job as a servant, cleaning house, washing dishes, and other heavy housework. (99) She rents out a servant’s quarter and learns what its like to be among the working class. During this time she becomes somewhat practical. Now she has experienced what is really like to be the wife of a clerk. The debt would take 10 years to pay back. After the 10 years she finds Mrs. Forrestier walking with her child. She notices that she is youthful and attractive. Mrs. Forrestier hardly recognizes her and regards her as a lowly working class woman. (110) She tells Mrs. Forrestier that she has just finished paying off the necklace that she had borrowed for the dinner. Sadly, in the end after all she has put herself and her husband through, she finds out that it was really in vain. Mrs. Forrestier tells her if she had only told her years ago, she would have only paid about five hundred francs because it was only costume jewelry. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. 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Logistics Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics Policy - Research Paper Example rategic design of structures and policies, as well as decision making dwelling on material and information flows, fashioned at supporting and enhancing competitive advantage (Waters, 2003). Strategic decisions hinge on aspects such as warehouses, distribution centres, as well as transportation modes to be employed. The logistics industry has undergone massive changes in recent decades, especially in areas of integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, packaging, material handling, and security; it is no longer home-based and functions in a global market. The North America Free Trade Agreement involves U.S., Canada, and Mexico, and entails harmonization of the members’ logistics policies and procedures, as well as making logistics systems interoperable. The size of U.S. economy and its geographical location have motivated the United States in taking a factual leadership position in matters regarding facilitation of intermodal logistics and transport within the region, inclusive of cross-border facilitation. The move towards a unified and interconnected modal system has been critical in the growth of logistics systems. Benefits arising from an integrated intermodal system include lower transport costs, lower environmental impact, enhanced national productivity, and efficiency. Intermodal transport and logistics is mainly driven by the industry via its search for the low cost solutions. Other factors playing a part include market deregulation and competition between shippers and carriers, which lead to a reduction in transport-related transaction costs for business (Murphy & Wood, 2010). The global sourcing of parts, goods and services, and raw materials has heightened the importance of logistic networks. Besides, trends towards internationalization and innovation have enhanced the need for organizations to be more alert and receptive to the contextual changes. The evolving trends in the creation of an international logistics hub demands